electric eye camera

1) фотоаппарат с фотоэлементом

2) киносъёмочный аппарат с фотоэлементом

1) фотографический аппарат, фотоаппарат, фотокамера

2) киносъёмочный аппарат, киноаппарат, кинокамера

3) телевизионная передающая камера, телекамера

4) репродукционный фотоаппарат

5) камера ( помещение)

6) архит. сводчатое покрытие

7) комната со сводчатым потолком

8) сейсмический осциллограф

9) каротажный фоторегистратор

10) рентгеновская камера

  съемочная камера; кино-фотоаппарат

  ♦ background camera камера для съемки общих планов

  ♦ bellows camera складной фотоаппарат с мехами

  ♦ Big Bertha camera кинокамера "Большая Берта" с длиннофокусным объективом

  ♦ binocular camera фотоаппарат с двумя объективами для стереосъемки; фотоаппарат с отдельным объективом для наведения фокуса

  ♦ bipack camera бипаковая камера (камера для съемки на двух лентах)

  ♦ blimped camera камера с звукопоглощающим кожухом

  ♦ box camera ящичный фотоаппарат

  ♦ broadcast camera камера вещательного телевидения

  ♦ candid camera "скрытая камера"; фотоаппарат, закамуфлированный под другой предмет

  ♦ caption camera камера для съемки титров

  ♦ cartoon camera камера для анимационной съемки

  ♦ cine(matographic) camera кинокамера

  ♦ Cinerama camera панорамная кинокамера

  ♦ clinical camera камера для медицинских съемок

  ♦ commercial type camera профессиональный фотоаппарат или кинокамера

  ♦ copy camera фоторепродукционная камера

  ♦ dolly camera съемочная камера на тележке

  ♦ drum camera барабанная кинокамера

  ♦ electric drive camera камера с электромотором

  ♦ eye camera камера, следящая во время рекламного исследования за реакцией глаз

  ♦ Fastax camera кинокамера "Фастакс" (для высокоскоростной съемки)

  ♦ field model camera дорогой фотоаппарат или камера

  ♦ film camera кинокамера; пленочный фотоаппарат

  ♦ five lensed camera кинокамера с пятью объективами

  ♦ fixed focus camera фотоаппарат или кинокамера с постоянным фокусом

  ♦ instant camera фотоаппарат для получения мгновенных снимков

  ♦ lithographic camera фоторепродукционный аппарат

  ♦ motion picture (movie) camera кинокамера

  ♦ on camera в кадре

  ♦ plain front camera фотоаппарат или камера с одним объективом

  ♦ roll film camera фотоаппарат, работающий с катушечной пленкой

  ♦ rotating prism camera камера с крутящейся призмой (в качестве оптического компенсатора)

  ♦ scanacord eye camera аппарат для фиксации движения глаз

  ♦ silenced studio camera кинокамера для синхронной съемки в павильоне

  ♦ silent motion picture camera кинокамера для немой съемки

  ♦ single-lens reflex camera зеркально-отражательный фотоаппарат с одним объективом

  ♦ slow motion camera высокоскоростная кинокамера; рапид-камера

  ♦ sound camera кинокамера для синхронной съемки

  ♦ sound (motion picture) camera кинокамера для синхронной съемки

  ♦ stop motion camera аппарат для покадровой съемки

  ♦ time lapse camera аппарат для замедленной съемки; цейтрафер

SUBJECT AREA: Broadcasting, Electronics and information technology

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Zworykin studied engineering at the Institute of Technology in St Petersburg under Boris Rosing, assisting the latter with his early experiments with television. After graduating in 1912, he spent a time doing X-ray research at the Collège de France in Paris before returning to join the Russian Marconi Company, initially in St Petersburg and then in Moscow. On the outbreak of war in 1917, he joined the Russian Army Signal Corps, but when the war ended in the chaos of the Revolution he set off on his travels, ending up in the USA, where he joined the Westinghouse Corporation. There, in 1923, he filed the first of many patents for a complete system of electronic television, including one for an all-electronic scanning pick-up tube that he called the iconoscope. In 1924 he became a US citizen and invented the kinescope, a hard-vacuum cathode ray tube (CRT) for the display of television pictures, and the following year he patented a camera tube with a mosaic of photoelectric elements and gave a demonstration of still-picture TV. In 1926 he was awarded a PhD by the University of Pittsburgh and in 1928 he was granted a patent for a colour TV system.

In 1929 he embarked on a tour of Europe to study TV developments; on his return he joined the Radio Corporation of America (RCA) as Director of the Electronics Research Group, first at Camden and then Princeton, New Jersey. Securing a budget to develop an improved CRT picture tube, he soon produced a kinescope with a hard vacuum, an indirectly heated cathode, a signal-modulation grid and electrostatic focusing. In 1933 an improved iconoscope camera tube was produced, and under his direction RCA went on to produce other improved types of camera tube, including the image iconoscope, the orthicon and image orthicon and the vidicon. The secondary-emission effect used in many of these tubes was also used in a scintillation radiation counter. In 1941 he was responsible for the development of the first industrial electron microscope, but for most of the Second World War he directed work concerned with radar, aircraft fire-control and TV-guided missiles.

After the war he worked for a time on high-speed memories and medical electronics, becoming Vice-President and Technical Consultant in 1947. He "retired" from RCA and was made an honorary vice-president in 1954, but he retained an office and continued to work there almost up until his death; he also served as Director of the Rockefeller Institute for Medical Research from 1954 until 1962.

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See also: Baird, John Logie; Farnsworth, Philo Taylor; Jenkins, Charles Francis

1) (электронная) лампа; (электронный) прибор

2) трубка, труба || придавать трубчатую форму

3) заключать в трубу или трубку

•

- tube of current

SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

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Dickson was born in France of English and Scottish parents. As a young man of almost 19 years, he wrote in 1879 to Thomas Edison in America, asking for a job. Edison replied that he was not taking on new staff at that time, but Dickson, with his mother and sisters, decided to emigrate anyway. In 1883 he contacted Edison again, and was given a job at the Goerk Street laboratory of the Edison Electric Works in New York. He soon assumed a position of responsibility as Superintendent, working on the development of electric light and power systems, and also carried out most of the photography Edison required. In 1888 he moved to the Edison West Orange laboratory, becoming Head of the ore-milling department. When Edison, inspired by Muybridge's sequence photographs of humans and animals in motion, decided to develop a motion picture apparatus, he gave the task to Dickson, whose considerable skills in mechanics, photography and electrical work made him the obvious choice. The first experiments, in 1888, were on a cylinder machine like the phonograph, in which the sequence pictures were to be taken in a spiral. This soon proved to be impractical, and work was delayed for a time while Dickson developed a new ore-milling machine. Little progress with the movie project was made until George Eastman's introduction in July 1889 of celluloid roll film, which was thin, tough, transparent and very flexible. Dickson returned to his experiments in the spring of 1891 and soon had working models of a film camera and viewer, the latter being demonstrated at the West Orange laboratory on 20 May 1891. By the early summer of 1892 the project had advanced sufficiently for commercial exploitation to begin. The Kinetograph camera used perforated 35 mm film (essentially the same as that still in use in the late twentieth century), and the kinetoscope, a peep-show viewer, took fifty feet of film running in an endless loop. Full-scale manufacture of the viewers started in 1893, and they were demonstrated on a number of occasions during that year. On 14 April 1894 the first kinetoscope parlour, with ten viewers, was opened to the public in New York. By the end of that year, the kinetoscope was seen by the public all over America and in Europe. Dickson had created the first commercially successful cinematograph system. Dickson left Edison's employment on 2 April 1895, and for a time worked with Woodville Latham on the development of his Panoptikon projector, a projection version of the kinetoscope. In December 1895 he joined with Herman Casier, Henry N.Marvin and Elias Koopman to form the American Mutoscope Company. Casier had designed the Mutoscope, an animated-picture viewer in which the sequences of pictures were printed on cards fixed radially to a drum and were flipped past the eye as the drum rotated. Dickson designed the Biograph wide-film camera to produce the picture sequences, and also a projector to show the films directly onto a screen. The large-format images gave pictures of high quality for the period; the Biograph went on public show in America in September 1896, and subsequently throughout the world, operating until around 1905. In May 1897 Dickson returned to England and set up as a producer of Biograph films, recording, among other subjects, Queen Victoria's Diamond Jubilee celebrations in 1897, Pope Leo XIII in 1898, and scenes of the Boer War in 1899 and 1900. Many of the Biograph subjects were printed as reels for the Mutoscope to produce the "what the butler saw" machines which were a feature of fairgrounds and seaside arcades until modern times. Dickson's contact with the Biograph Company, and with it his involvement in cinematography, ceased in 1911.

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1) (a railway engine with its carriages and/or trucks: I caught the train to London.) tren

2) (a part of a long dress or robe that trails behind the wearer: The bride wore a dress with a train.) cola

3) (a connected series: Then began a train of events which ended in disaster.) serie, sucesión

4) (a line of animals carrying people or baggage: a mule train; a baggage train.) (animales) recua; convoy

1) (to prepare, be prepared, or prepare oneself, through instruction, practice, exercise etc, for a sport, job, profession etc: I was trained as a teacher; The race-horse was trained by my uncle.) formar, enseñar, instruir; entrenar, preparar

2) (to point or aim (a gun, telescope etc) in a particular direction: He trained the gun on/at the soldiers.) apuntar; (cámara) enfocar

3) (to make (a tree, plant etc) grow in a particular direction.) guiar

•

- trained

train¹ n tren

train² vb

1. entrenar

2. estudiar / formarse

tr[treɪn]

noun

1 (transport) tren nombre masculino

■ some got on the train and some got off unos subieron al tren y otros bajaron

■ I changed trains at Miranda hice transbordo en Miranda

2 (of dress) cola

3 (line - of animals) recua; (- of vehicles) convoy nombre masculino

4 (retinue) grupo, séquito

5 (of ideas, thoughts) serie nombre femenino, hilo; (of events) serie nombre femenino, sucesión nombre femenino

transitive verb

1 SMALLSPORT/SMALL entrenar, preparar

2 (teach) enseñar, formar, capacitar

■ to train the mind formar la mente

■ he trained us to fight nos enseñó a luchar

■ the police are trained to shoot se enseña a la policía a disparar

3 (one's eye, ear, voice) educar

4 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL adiestrar

5 (animal) enseñar; (to perfom tricks) amaestrar, adiestrar

6 (direct - gun) apuntar (on, a); (- camera) enfocar (on, a), dirigir (on, hacia); (- plant) guiar

intransitive verb

1 SMALLSPORT/SMALL entrenarse, prepararse

■ he was training for the marathon se entrenaba para (correr) el maratón

2 (teach) estudiar

■ she trained to be a teacher estudió magisterio

■ he was trained as a nurse estudió enfermería

3 SMALLMILITARY/SMALL adiestrarse

\

in train en fase de preparación

to bring in its train acarrear, traer como consecuencia

train driver maquinista nombre masulino o femenino

train set juego de trenes

train spotter aficionado,-a a los trenes

train ['treɪn] vt

1) : entrenar (atletas), capacitar (empleados), adiestrar, amaestrar (animales)

2) point: apuntar (un arma, etc.)

train vi

: entrenar(se) (físicamente), prepararse (profesionalmente)

she's training at the gym: se está entrenando en el gimnasio

train n

1) : cola f (de un vestido)

2) retinue: cortejo m, séquito m

3) series: serie f (de eventos)

4) : tren m

passenger train: tren de pasajeros

• adiestrar v.

• aleccionar v.

• amaestrar v.

• educar v.

• enseñar v.

• entrenar v.

• formar v.

• orientar v.

• cola s.f.

• cola de un vestido s.f.

• convoy s.m.

• reguero de pólvora s.m.

• serie s.m.

• sucesión s.f.

• séquito s.m.

• tren s.m.

1) ( Rail) tren m

2)

a) (of servants, followers) séquito m, cortejo m

b) (of events, disasters) serie f

3) (of dress, robe) cola f

1)

a) ( instruct) \<\<athlete\>\> entrenar; \<\<soldier\>\> adiestrar; \<\<child\>\> enseñar; ( accustom) acostumbrar, habituar*; \<\<animal\>\> enseñar; ( to perform tricks etc) amaestrar, adiestrar; \<\<employee/worker\>\> ( in new skill etc) capacitar; \<\<teacher\>\> formar

b) \<\<voice/ear\>\> educar*

c) \<\<plant\>\> guiar*

2) ( aim)

a) ( receive instruction) \<\<nurse/singer/musician\>\> estudiar

b) ( Sport) entrenar(se)

1. N

1) (Rail) tren m

2) (=line) [of people, vehicles] fila f ; [of mules, camels] recua f, reata f

3) (=sequence) serie f

4) (=entourage) séquito m, comitiva f

5) [of dress] cola f

6) (Mech) [of gears] tren m

2. VT

1) (=instruct) [+ staff] formar; [+ worker] (in new technique) capacitar; [+ soldier, pilot] adiestrar; [+ athlete, team] entrenar; [+ animal] (for task) adiestrar; (to do tricks) amaestrar; [+ racehorse] entrenar, preparar

2) (=develop) [+ voice, mind] educar

3) (=direct) [+ gun] apuntar (on a); [+ camera, telescope] enfocar (on a)

4) (=guide) [+ plant] guiar (up, along por)

3. VI

1) (=learn a skill) estudiar

2) (Sport) entrenar, entrenarse

- train up

* * *

1) ( Rail) tren m

2)

a) (of servants, followers) séquito m, cortejo m

b) (of events, disasters) serie f

3) (of dress, robe) cola f

1)

a) ( instruct) \<\<athlete\>\> entrenar; \<\<soldier\>\> adiestrar; \<\<child\>\> enseñar; ( accustom) acostumbrar, habituar*; \<\<animal\>\> enseñar; ( to perform tricks etc) amaestrar, adiestrar; \<\<employee/worker\>\> ( in new skill etc) capacitar; \<\<teacher\>\> formar

b) \<\<voice/ear\>\> educar*

c) \<\<plant\>\> guiar*

2) ( aim)

a) ( receive instruction) \<\<nurse/singer/musician\>\> estudiar

b) ( Sport) entrenar(se)